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Weather models (meteoblue)

Third party models

Compare our forecasts with observational data for the last days with our Short-term Verification for Innsbruck.

Weather models comparison for Innsbruck

  • Every model is assigned one colour that is used in all diagrams. The legend next to the diagram has a list with the model names and the corresponding colours.
  • The first diagram shows the predicted temperatures for each model. The yellow background indicates daylight. The dashed line represents the average of all models.
  • The second diagram shows precipitation amounts: Blue bars indicate precipitation in mm accumulated over one hour. The bars get darker when more models predict precipitation.
  • Weather icons are used to display the predicted weather conditions in the third diagram. The background is light blue for clear sky, light grey for light clouds, and dark grey for strong clouds.

The variables shown are from direct model output and not scaled to the exact altitude and position of the selected place.

Frequently, forecasts are spot on, sometimes less accurate and a few times they are completely wrong. It would be great to know in advance if the forecast is likely to be correct, but how? All weather forecasts are computed by computer models, and sometimes these differ significantly, which indicates uncertainty and difficulty to make an accurate forecast of the weather. In such cases, the weather forecast is likely to change on a daily basis. Our MultiModel diagram shows the weather forecast of multiple models from meteoblue and others, mostly national weather agencies. Generally, the uncertainty of the forecast increases with the differences between models.

What to do if the forecast is uncertain?

  1. Develop alternatives for your decisions, which are feasible with every possible weather development.
  2. Check forecast updates more frequently.
  3. Check the progress of actual weather more frequently.
  4. Postpone important activities, if they depend strongly on weather.

Forecast limitations

  • Thunderstorms: The exact placement and timing of thunderstorms are almost impossible to predict and the associated amount of precipitation or hail can vary significantly.
  • Stratus clouds: Fog and low clouds are often invisible to most models and to satellites, and as such models may agree despite uncertainty. As a result, models may overestimate sunny conditions in areas prone to fog.
  • Topography: Complex mountain terrain is very challenging for weather predictions. Low clouds and precipitation can rapidly develop there without being detected, and will then not be sufficiently considered in the weather model.

These weather patterns are very difficult to forecast, vary in place and time or depend on local terrain. While locally forecast precipitation does not occur, it might rain just a few kilometres away. A cold front could arrive a few hours later or thunderstorms might or might not develop. Such conditions are error prone and should be handled carefully. In some cases, even different models may not detect such conditions.

Weather models

Weather models simulate physical processes. A weather model divides the world or a region into small "grid-cells". Each cell is about 4km to 40km wide and 100m to 2km high. Our models contain 60 atmospheric layers and reach deep into the stratosphere at 10-25 hPa (60km altitude). The weather is simulated by solving complex mathematical equations between all grid cells every few seconds and parameters like temperature, wind speed or clouds are stored for every hour.

meteoblue operates a large number of weather models and integrates open data from various sources. All meteoblue models are computed twice a day on a dedicated High Performance Cluster.

Model Region Resolution Last update Source

NEMS model family: Improved NMM successors (operational since 2013). NEMS is a multi-scale model (used from global down to local domains) and significantly improves cloud-development and precipication forecast.

NEMS-4 Central Europe 4.0 km 72 h 06:54 UTC meteoblue
NEMS-12 Europe 12.0 km 180 h 07:46 UTC meteoblue
NEMS-30 Global 30.0 km 180 h 06:18 UTC meteoblue
NEMS-8 New Zealand 8.0 km 180 h 07:45 UTC meteoblue
NEMS-10 India 10.0 km 180 h 08:33 UTC meteoblue
NEMS-8 Japan East Asia 8.0 km 180 h 07:27 UTC meteoblue
NEMS-12 Central America 12.0 km 180 h 21:55 UTC meteoblue
NEMS-10 South Africa 10.0 km 180 h 08:45 UTC meteoblue
NEMS2-12 Europe 12.0 km 168 h 22:07 UTC meteoblue
NEMS2-30 Global 30.0 km 168 h 23:32 UTC meteoblue
NEMS-10 South America 10.0 km 180 h 21:36 UTC meteoblue

NMM model family: the first weather model from meteoblue (operational since 2007). NMM is a regional weather model and highly optimised for complex terrain.

NMM-4 Central Europe 4.0 km 72 h 05:44 UTC meteoblue
NMM-12 Europe 12.0 km 180 h 07:05 UTC meteoblue
NMM-18 South Africa 18.0 km 180 h 07:37 UTC meteoblue
NMM-18 South America 18.0 km 180 h 09:17 UTC meteoblue
NMM-18 Southeast Asia 18.0 km 180 h 08:11 UTC meteoblue

Third-party domains: As seen on most other websites

IFSENS-40 Global 30.0 km 360 h (@ 3hourly h) 21:33 UTC ECMWF
GFSENS-40 Global 40.0 km 384 h (@ 3hourly h) 21:15 UTC NOAA NCEP
GFS-25 Global 22.0 km 180 h (@ 3hourly h) 04:33 UTC NOAA NCEP
GFS-12 Global 12.0 km 180 h (@ 3hourly h) 04:53 UTC NOAA NCEP
IFS-20 Global 20.0 km 144 h (@ 3hourly h) 08:43 UTC ECMWF
ICON-12 Global 13.0 km 180 h (@ 3hourly h) 05:41 UTC Deutscher Wetterdienst
ICON-7 Europe 7.0 km 120 h (@ 3hourly h) 04:26 UTC Deutscher Wetterdienst
ICOND-2 Germany and Alps 2.0 km 48 h 08:19 UTC Deutscher Wetterdienst
HARMN-5 Central Europe 5.0 km 60 h 05:25 UTC KNMI
GFS-40 Global 40.0 km 180 h (@ 3hourly h) 04:49 UTC NOAA NCEP
NAM-12 North America 12.0 km 84 h (@ 3hourly h) 03:06 UTC NOAA NCEP
NAM-5 North America 5.0 km 48 h 05:19 UTC NOAA NCEP
NAM-3 North America 3.0 km 60 h 03:42 UTC NOAA NCEP
HRRR-2 North America 3.0 km 17 h 09:28 UTC NOAA NCEP
FV3-5 Alaska 5.0 km 48 h 23:29 UTC NOAA NCEP
ARPEGE-25 Global 25.0 km 96 h (@ 3hourly h) 04:34 UTC METEO FRANCE
ARPEGE-11 Europe 11.0 km 96 h 16:02 UTC METEO FRANCE
AROME-2 France 2.0 km 42 h 03:57 UTC METEO FRANCE
UKMO-10 Global 10.0 km 144 h (@ 3hourly h) 06:37 UTC UK MET OFFICE
GEM-15 Global 15.0 km 168 h (@ 3hourly h) 08:57 UTC Environment Canada
RDPS-2 North America 2.5 km 48 h 06:55 UTC Environment Canada
MSM-5 Japan 5.0 km 78 h 23:26 UTC Japan Meteorological Agency
UKMO-2 UK/France 2.0 km 120 h (@ 3hourly h) 06:37 UTC UK MET OFFICE
COSMO-5 Central Europe 5.0 km 72 h 08:21 UTC AM/ARPAE/ARPAP
COSMO-2 Alps/Italy 2.0 km 48 h 08:35 UTC AM/ARPAE/ARPAP
NBM-2 North America 2.5 km 180 h (@ 3hourly h) 07:28 UTC NOAA NCEP
WRFAMS-7 South America 7.0 km 168 h 09:16 UTC CPTEC/INPE
WRF-5 Southeast Europe 5.0 km 84 h 09:35 UTC AUTH
AIFS-25 Global 25.0 km 180 h (@ 3hourly h) 08:47 UTC ECMWF
IFS-HRES Global 10.0 km 144 h (@ 3hourly h) 08:00 UTC ECMWF
CAMS-10 Europe 10.0 km 96 h 10:00 UTC ECMWF Copernicus
CAMS-40 Global 40.0 km 120 h (@ 3hourly h) 22:16 UTC ECMWF Copernicus
WW3-25 Global 25.0 km 180 h (@ 3hourly h) 07:13 UTC NOAA NCEP
WW3-4 Baltic/Arctic 4.0 km 72 h 03:43 UTC MET Norway
GWAM-25 Global 25.0 km 174 h (@ 3hourly h) > 24h DWD
EWAM-5 Europe 5.0 km 78 h 04:43 UTC DWD
MFWAM-8 Global 8.0 km 228 h (@ 3hourly h) 21:45 UTC Copernicus / MeteoFrance
MEDWAM-4 Mediterranean 4.0 km 204 h 06:33 UTC Copernicus
IBIWAM-5 Iberian Biscay Irish 5.0 km 216 h 03:11 UTC Copernicus
BALWAM-2 Baltic 2.0 km 144 h 22:28 UTC Copernicus / FMI
RTOFS-9 Global 9.0 km 192 h (@ 3hourly h) 01:05 UTC NOAA NCEP

Worldwide coverage

meteoblue domain overview meteoblue weather models cover most populated areas at high resolution (3-10km) and world wide at moderate resolution (30km). The map on the side displays NMM models as red and NEMS models as black boxes. Other colors show third-party models. Global models are not shown. For a single forecast, multiple weather models, statistical analysis, measurements, radar and satellite telemetry are considered and combined to generate the most probable weather forecast for any given location on Earth.

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